Sep 14, 2015 not only are there a lot of different types of commercial refrigeration, the freezers and fridges out there come in a wide range of sizes. What are the most common types of refrigerant today. Due to the change in refrigerant use, you may encounter new refrigerants, old refrigerants, and blends of older refrigerants as well as different oils in the field. Refrigerants article about refrigerants by the free dictionary. The primary refrigerants used in commercial reachin and walkin coolers are r404a and r4a, greenhouse gases with global warming potentials gwps in excess of 1,400. Primary refrigerants change states to absorb heat from surrounding areas or substances. Considerations for next generation hvac refrigerants. In most cycles it undergoes phase transitions from a liquid to a gas and back again. The most common refrigerant in the past was a cfc, most commonly called as freon.
While there is no perfect refrigerant, the chart shows that hcfc123 r123, hfc152a r152a and hfc32 r32 strike a good balance between odp, gwp and efficiency. Ashrae position document on refrigerants and their responsible use 2 executive summary refrigerants are the working fluids in refrigeration, airconditioning, and heatpumping systems. Find out what are the different types of refrigerants that are in common use and. A number of materials have physical and thermodynamic properties suitable for their use as refrigerants. Ozone depletion potential odp and global warming potential gwp in general, all refrigerants are characterised by two numbers. What is the difference between r22 and r410a refrigerants. Co 2 transcritical systems have also been driving the development of integrated heating and cooling systems, linking the refrigerant choice to the type of system. Therefore, only chlorinefree refrigerants are permitted today. Common refrigerants are frequently referred to as freona registered trademark of chemours. There are 2 different types of air conditioning refrigerant currently used in residential cooling systems.
The following is a list of refrigerantswith their type prefix, ashraedesignated numbers, iupac chemical name, molecular formula, cas registry number blend name, atmospheric lifetimein years, semiempirical ozone depletion potential, net global warming potentialover a 100year time horizon, occupational exposure limitpermissible exposure limitin parts per million volume per volume over a time. Many different refrigerants have been used in the past and are in use today with good ability to transfer heat from one place to another. The principal refrigerants are ammonia, the freons, and certain hydrocarbons. We can very quickly see which products are suited or approved for different types of refrigerants. Although many fluids can be used to act as a refrigerant, but in 20 th century, cfcs became the most popular refrigerants.
Always check the compressor manufactures recommendations for oil on. Below is our list, nicely organized by style, feature and finish. Simulate your system with the right refrigerant and export the results to excel. Toxic and moderately flammable dichloroethylene methyl format, ethylchloride, sulphur dioxide, ammonia etc. Below is a list of the different oil types for the different refrigerants in our units. Changing refrigerants and why it matters to you hvac school. These exams test areas that are relevant to any work with refrigerants, like recovery requirements, leak detention, recycling, reclaim, safety, etc. Types of refrigerants and their environmental impact gineersnow.
Without being pressureregulated, primary refrigerants absorb all available heat. Cfc11 trichlorofluoromethane, known as cfc11 or the dupont trade name freon11, is a cfc that was once widely used in the refrigeration industry but was phased out by the environmental protection agency. For years, the most common refrigerant used in airconditioning systems was r22. The most common refrigerants used for air conditioning over the years include. This article is the brief overview of what are refrigerants and the history of refrigerants. Down in the bottom we also have the option to export this information. Epa regulations 40 cfr part 82, subpart f under section 608 of the clean air act require that technicians who maintain, service, repair, or dispose of equipment that could release refrigerants into the atmosphere must be certified. What is refrigerant and how does it help your air conditioner.
In response to growing environmental concerns, production of systems using r22 refrigerant is being phased out. A comparison between refrigerants used in air conditioning. Pdf seminar is focused on the fundamentals of vapor compression refrigeration system which is principally applicable for all automotive. Linde does not sell all of the products detailed below. Challenges of high and low pressure for next generation refrigerants. The epa 608 type i, ii, iii exams are based on the most important questions found in the core section of the epa 608 certification exam. Comparison of various refrigerants r410a, r22, r290, r. Although air is free of cost and completely safe, its low coefficient of performance makes it unable to compete with the modern nontoxic refrigerants. Refrigerants are what make air conditioning possible. Register here controls best practices monday, may 4th at 2. Andrew, listing of refrigerants pdf, andys hvacr web page, archived from the original pdf on. It was banned in 1994 due to it harming the ozone layer. Aug 07, 2017 although many fluids can be used to act as a refrigerant, but in 20 th century, cfcs became the most popular refrigerants.
Refrigeration design software the engineering mindset. The process is not easy, and although there are alternatives to old refrigerants, the new ones are usually not flawless. In this session, emerson experts will provide an overview of the different types of devices that may be used in a supermarket system. The grand total came up to 28 different types of refrigerators, which is about double what i expected when starting this huge research guide.
The hose fittings are different for units designed for the two types so it is unlikely that a mechanic would use the wrong one. Contained within the coils of an air conditioner, these liquid agents cool and dehumidify indoor air. Risk assessment of refrigeration systems using a2l. The first refrigerators built from the 1800s until the 1920s primarily used toxic gases such as ammonia nh 3, methyl chloride ch 3 cl, and. Properties of refrigerants n low boiling point and high latent heat of vaporization n dense vapor n low toxicity n non flammable n low miscibility with oil. Dec 14, 2017 epa cfc 608 test fast pace hvac study lecture type 1 2 3 refrigerant recovery, recycle, reclaim duration. The third generation o f refrigerants includes che mical groups, s uch as hydrofluorocarbons hfcs, that do not damage the ozo ne layer as that wa s the perceived environ mental danger at the t. R12 was the refrigerant back in the 20th century for automobile applications. Refrigerant types and applications in hvacr free resources. Designation and safety classification of refrigerants.
Epa cfc 608 test fast pace hvac study lecture type 1 2 3 refrigerant recovery, recycle, reclaim duration. Synthetic and organic refrigerants are classified under two main categories, primary and secondary. Originally the title given was new and alternative refrigerants but i was also asked to. In fact, from the thermodynamic or heatcarrying standpoint, differences among refrigerants with similar. Oil type for different types of refrigerant product line. Refrigerant types in a central air conditioner the comfort zone. Once exposed to the free chlorine, it quickly breaks down in a catalytic. Secondary refrigerants are also known under the name brines or antifreezes. We can do that by clicking on tools and then products and refrigerants overview. New, natural and alternative refrigerants by dr s f pearson of star refrigeration limited introduction it is an honour to be invited to present this paper despite the rather daunting title. Ashrae position document on refrigerants and their.
All these definitions are accurate, but refrigerants are much more than that. Compare performance of multiple refrigerants, learn the line sizing, and much more all for free. This a quick overview of the different types of refrigerants, the reasons for the changes and some things to watch out for. There are many kinds of refrigerant and or refrigerant on the market today, but only a few that are widely used. Jul 01, 2019 we can very quickly see which products are suited or approved for different types of refrigerants. The refrigerant is the fluid that is used in the vapor compression refrigeration system for carrying the heat from the substance or the fluid to be cooled and throws it to the atmosphere. Addendum c to ansiashrae standard 342001 3 a the molecular mass and normal boiling point are not part of this standard. A different type of refrigeration is possible with the absorption refrigeration process. The different types of refrigerants can be grouped as given below ashrae 2008.
This information is provided free of charge and is based on the technical data provided by regulatory. Alternatives for hcfc and hfc refrigerants halogen free refrigerants. Pdf refrigerant types, issues, trends and future options. It is also formaldehyde free, has low vocs, and resistant to mold and mildew. Refrigerants may be divided into three groups according to their boiling temperature at atmospheric pressure. Learn the types of refrigerants bright hub engineering. A refrigerant is a substance or mixture, usually a fluid, used in a heat pump and refrigeration cycle. Azeotrope refrigerants this group of refrigerants consist of mixture of different refrigerants which can not separated under pressure and temperature and have fixed thermodynamic properties. This refrigerant was introduced commercially in the early 1960s for low temperature applications and is particularly suitable for hermetic compressors. During the last ten years, co 2 has become a viable refrigerant and can be used in different system setups. Fellow ashrae mcquay international staunton, virginia usa 1 what is a refrigerant. Standard 34 classifies refrigerants into three flammability classes. Freon was a brand name for a refrigerant r12 by dupont.
Transcritical systems where co 2 is used in all circuits mt and lt. Apr 16, 2020 different types of refrigerant gases include chlorofluorocarbon cfc, hydrochlorofluorocarbon hcfc, hydrofluorocarbon, perfluorocarbon pfc, and blends made from ammonia and carbon dioxide. Nov, 2017 azeotrope refrigerants this group of refrigerants consist of mixture of different refrigerants which can not separated under pressure and temperature and have fixed thermodynamic properties. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Many working fluids have been used for such purposes. List of hcfc refrigerants the table below details a wide list of hcfc refrigerants that are subject to regulations driven by the montreal protocol. Refrigeration units always involve some sort of ventilation for their compressor.
Possible replacements for these refrigerants in commercial applications include ashrae class 2l refrigerants, which have lower global warming potentials but are mildly flammable. Refrigerant types hfc, cfc, hcfc short video simplified. They absorb heat from one area, such as an airconditioned space, and reject it into another, such as outdoors, usually through evaporation and condensation. All types of cfcs will be completely phased out of industrial use by 2030.
Refrigerants and their application presented by thomas e. The free chlorine atom is then free to attack another ozone molecule. Applications and refrigerant types in a future where gwp values are decreasing due to phase downs and energy efficiency demands meps are increasing, hvacr professionals will focus on using components which allow for the lowest possible charge and on technologies with the best costperformance for a given refrigerant type. Another fan located inside the home blows air over the cool coils to distribute the resulting cold air throughout the building.
However, the use of r152a and r32 is limited because of flammability. Depending on the unit, this ventilation could be located on the bottom or side of the unit. Product information sorted by product type and name. Attendees will also learn how to commission devices in the e2e. Technicians are required to pass an epaapproved test to earn section 608 technician certification. Motor vehicle air conditioning are allowed to purchase refrigerants in containers smaller than 20 lbs. May 26, 2016 r4a is the only refrigerant legally used in new automotive systems since 1994. Air is one of the earliest refrigerants and was widely used in world war i whenever a completely nontoxic material was required. Refrigerants for commercial refrigeration applications.
I think the feature section is the most interesting for instance i had no idea there was a refrigerator that brewed kcup coffee. Refrigerants are classified by ashrae, and their familiar r numbers are assigned according to certain rules. A stable mixture of two or several refrigerants whose vapour and liquid phases retain identical compositions over a wide range of temperatures. Without being pressureregulated, primary refrigerants absorb all available heat from perishable goods until theyre frozen solid. Vehicle manufacturers are given incentives to use refrigerant formulations with less gwp. Gulfoflex, a flagship brand of rubber world industries in the middle east, has products that are cfc free, and has an odp of zero for environmental friendly products. The user shouldnot assume that all safety measures are indicated, or that other measures maynot be required. The most common types of refrigerants in use nowadays are presented below. The popup will then give us a colour coded chart for each. Fluorocarbons, especially chlorofluorocarbons, became commonplace in the 20th century, but they are.
In refrigeration and air conditioning applications there are wide range of conditions in which the refrigerants. For example, the classification of halogen refrigerants derived from saturated hydrocarbons and consisting of only one substance is illustrated in fig. Safe refrigerants these are the nontoxic, nonflammable refrigerants such as r11, r12, r, r14, r21, r22, r1, r114, methyl chloride, carbon dioxide, water etc. The following is a list of refrigerants with their typeprefix, ashrae designated numbers, iupac chemical name, molecular formula, cas registry number blend name, atmospheric lifetime in years, semiempirical ozone depletion potential, net global warming potential over a 100year time horizon, occupational exposure limitpermissible exposure. For years our industry has embraced a variety of refrigerants and operating pressures to address the many different applications and compressor types in the hvac industry.
The following is a list of refrigerants with their typeprefix, ashrae designated. With next generation refrigerants, the higher the operating pressure, the more. Present a comparison between different refrigerants section 26. In this study, performance of different refrigerants like r600a, r4a, r290, r1270, r32, r22, and r152a, in vapor compression refrigeration cycles and heat pumps was investigated.
There are other refrigerants used for home ac units but only these two have been used in cars. In the following section, different groups of refrigerants are discussed, some examples are given and their fields of application are described. Chemical refrigerants are assigned an r number which is determined systematically according. First of all, there are 3 types of metering devices. Some of the most common refrigerants are presented, as well as the special phenomena occurring with the use of zeotropic refrigerant mixtures. This chapter studies the properties of substances used as working fluids in compression cycles, and discusses the classification of refrigerants. Different types of refrigerant most people regularly refer to refrigerant as freon, but new formulations better meet air quality regulations concerning the global warming potential gwp of refrigeration chemicals. The refrigerant then cools down and turns back into a lowpressure gas.