For moderately to steeply dipping tabular ore body. Channel sampling is a time proven method of hand sampling described in detail by. Estimation practices for reserves of gold deposits springerlink. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Often described as a snapshot of a population in a certain point in time. As a result of the fact that the study falls within the domain. Traditional methods of ore reserve estimation are developed based on. Ore reserve and mineral resource estimation methods current practices and comparisons conference paper pdf available september 2003 with 5,774 reads how we measure reads. But as ore deposits cannot always be drilled into at regular intervals and because of the human factor, if many holes are drilled, triangular prisms of all degrees of angularity are produced. The results of both methods of reserve estimation obtained estimated values for cross section method larger than the contour method, the estimated difference in the amount of 88007. The standard method is correct when the drill holes are so laid out that the triangular prisms are equilateral in crosssection. There are different estimation methods see below used for different scenarios dependent upon the ore boundaries, geological deposit geometry, grade variability and the amount of time and money available.
A major reason for this is that a typical time series comes with a time label giving the data a natural ordering and structure absent in cross sectional data. A plot of semivariances versus distances between ordered data in a graph is known as a semivariogram rather than a variogram. How to calculate your own sample size by azmi mohd tamil. How do i analyze a dataset of independently pooled cross sectional data ie. A cross sectional survey was used because data were gathered from the participants at one specific point in time 1415 16. Crosssectional method definition of crosssectional.
All methods of ore reserve estimation combine the sample values by assigning them to. Exploration activity that has been done is taking samples with a regular distance of 25 m by using a rotary drilling tool. Though the results thus obtained may not represent the true average value of the deposit, it is on these results that estimates of practically all large orebodies are made. Usually there is no hypothesis as such, but the aim is to describe a population. Reserve estimation free download as powerpoint presentation. Ore reserve estimation techniques by cross section method. As the importance of planning and scheduling of an operations mineral endowment became apparent, the use of all types of sample data to define ore reserves increased. For example, if you investigated changes in social behavior in 20, 30, and 40yearolds all measured at one point in time, you would be conducting a crosssectional research study. In this study, a reserve estimation attempt in a silver ore deposit was carried out by the help of geographic information systems gis. Advantages suitable to determine disease condition at one time. Apr 29, 2017 basics introduction of all parameters for reserve estimation by volumetric method and production forecasting. There are different estimation methods used for different scenarios dependent upon the ore boundaries, geological deposit geometry, grade variability and the amount of time and money available. This method utilizes a distribution curve for each parameter and, through the.
Reserve estimation an overview sciencedirect topics. Fact sheet mineral resources and reserves estimation. Conventional and computer aided ore reserve estimation ijetsr. For moderately to steeply dipping tabular ore body cross section method longitudinal section method level plan method for bedded horizontal or low dipping deposits included area method extended area method triangle method polygon method method of isoline isopach maps method. Usually there is no hypothesis as such, but the aim is.
Robson, 2002 define cross sectional design retain for survey strategy. The questionnaire solicited information on such items as drillhole spacings, mineral reserve estimation methods used, sampling and assaying practices, etc. The longitudinal method examines one group of people repeatedly over time, whereas the crosssectional method examines several groups of people at one point in time. Ore reserve estimation and strategic mine planning. Crosssectional studies crosssectional studies measure simultaneously the exposure and health outcome in a given population and in a given geographical area at a certain time. Sample size for a crosssectional, cohort, or clinical trial. The geostatistical ore reserve estimation method or geostatistics in short is a. A typical resource estimation involves the construction of a geological and resource model with data from various sources. Crosssectional method definition of crosssectional method. Purchase geostatistical ore reserve estimation 1st edition. Topography of the hills with a slope of 300500 and 50230 meters above sea level mdpl.
Mar 24, 2006 a cross sectional study design is used when. Estimation practices for reserves of gold deposits. Consistent estimation of crosssectional models in event studies. About this book at the same time, the greatest uncertainty driving the risk and profitability of mining investments is the geological variability of mineral deposits. Cross sectional study an overview sciencedirect topics. Ore reserve estimation methods, models and reality proceedings of the symposium sponsored by the geology division of clm, and held in montreal, quebec, may 1o11, 1986 edited by m. Pdf cross sectional estimation of loss reserve for. Using gis, 3d model of the studied region, most suitable section planes and grade distributions were obtained and reserve estimation by cross section method was approached. Metallurgical contentore reserve calculationsmineral ore reserve case 1mineral ore reserve case 2mineral ore reserve case 3 the usual method of sampling mineral deposits is to drill holes and assay the sludge or core. Although it is a tank model equation, it can provide great insight for the practicing reservoir engineer. Analyze data collected on a group of subjects at one time rather than over a period of time. The purpose of the study is descriptive, often in the form of a survey.
This supply uncertainty affects the prediction of economic value from the initial valuation of a mining project through mine planning, design and production scheduling. Pdf cross sectional estimation of loss reserve for egyptian. Since the method of constructing these figures also affects the calculations of ore grade, this subject will be discussed further under the caption, estimation of grade of ore. Another method which also described here is inverse distance weighting idw technique. Ore body modelling and comparison of different reserve estimation techniques a thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of bachelor of technology in mining engineering by manasa chandra moharaj 110mn0435 yeshi wangmo 110mn0440 under the guidance of prof. In general, it was found that the most widely used method of mineral reserve estimation was the crosssectional method, although the industry is making increased.
Characteristics of nickel ore reserve estimation carried out simulations on the x nickel deposits. The procedure is to select a single value for each parameter to input into an appropriate equation, to obtain a single answer. Cross functional research design is one of the most popular research designs among other research design and which is also known as social survey design as well. Crosssectional ratio analysis financial definition of cross. Crosssectional studies also known as surveys, epidemiologic studies, and prevalence studies. Sinclair and m vall6e the canadian institute of mining and metallurgy. A crosssectional survey was used because data were gathered from the participants at one specific point in time 1415 16. A method for assessing agerelated changes that combines the cross sectional and longitudinal approaches by observing a cross section of participants over a shorter period than is used typically on longitudinal studies. Sample size for a crosssectional, cohort, or clinical trial studies kevin m. May 05, 2019 cross sectional analysis is a type of analysis that an investor, analyst or portfolio manager may conduct on a company in relation to that companys industry or industry peers. This is the most advanced technique among the nongeostatistical methods and methodology of its application is explained in details. Resource estimation is used to determine and define the ore tonnage and grade of a geological deposit, from the developed block model. How to calculate your own sample size by azmi mohd tamil issuu. Cross section method is another type of conventional estimation techniques in which normally a series of cross sections are constructed to the.
Crosssectional analysis is a type of analysis that an investor, analyst or portfolio manager may conduct on a company in relation to that companys industry or industry peers. The method is applied to a model of horizontal mergers in section 2, and cross sectional parameters ate estimated in section 3. Thelle, petter laake, in research in medical and biological sciences second edition, 2015. Cross sectional studies are a type of descriptive epidemiologic study in which the exposure and disease status of the population are determined at a given point. The benchmark usually chosen is the average ratio value. In practice, this makes estimation and inference given minimal assumptions about dependence more difficult with cross sectional data than with timeseries data. It seems that there is some confusion in terminology panel, and timeseries cross sectional. Cross sectional ratio analysis a method of analysis that compares a firms ratios with some chosen industry benchmark. However, the larger the crosssectional area, the more time consuming and. Gmm estimation with cross sectional dependence sciencedirect.
A second estimate using all available drill hole data was made, and again the three methods overestinated the tonnage, this time by 1 4t 11t and 4t. Blalst synopsis matheron, geoslalislical method or the estimation of ore reserves has been developed to the point al which. The areaaveraging method is among the simplest of all reserve estimation methods, involving only a geologic inter pretation of the shape of the ore and averaging of the grades within that shape. Reserve estimation tonnage density free 30day trial. Cross sectional studies collect all data at a set point in time. Example of a 3d ore deposit block model showing the distribution of low grade blue and. Cross sectional estimation of loss reserve for egyptian fire insurance market article pdf available in european journal of social sciences 254. The volume of large basinshaped deposits may also be estimated from parallel cross sections on which are plotted intersections or projections of mine workings, drill. Reserve estimation methods mb1 a general material balance equation that can be applied to all reservoir types was first developed by schilthuis in 1936. Pdf ore reserve and mineral resource estimation methods. Sarkar, in essentials of mineral exploration and evaluation, 2016. Despite its simplicity, the area averaging method provides excellent estimates where the drilling pattern is uniform, grades are continuous, and ore. Ore reserve estimation method by using geographic information.